Early onset dementia: symptoms, causes, and when to seek help

Last updated: 6/22/2026

Diagnoses of early onset dementia and Alzheimer’s disease have increased in recent years, leading more people and families to search for answers about memory loss, cognitive decline, and brain health.

While occasional forgetfulness can be a normal part of aging, ongoing memory or behavior changes should not be ignored. Understanding the signs of early onset dementia and knowing when to seek medical advice can help people access support and care earlier.

Taking steps to understand brain health and recognize possible symptoms early is important for long-term health. According to the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the term “dementia” is used to describe a group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking, and daily functioning. While Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, there are several other forms as well.

Key facts about early onset dementia

• Early onset dementia refers to dementia diagnosed before age 65.
• Symptoms may include memory loss, confusion, personality changes, or difficulty completing familiar tasks.
• Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia.
• Some risk factors for dementia may be reduced through healthy lifestyle habits.
• Early evaluation may help individuals and families plan treatment and support options sooner.

What is early onset dementia?

According to the Alzheimer’s Association, early onset dementia, also called young onset dementia, occurs when dementia develops in a person younger than 65. Symptoms can affect memory, communication, judgment, behavior, and the ability to complete daily activities.

While dementia is more common in older adults, younger individuals can also experience cognitive decline. Early onset dementia may affect careers, relationships, finances, and caregiving responsibilities at a younger stage of life.

What are the early signs of dementia?

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), early symptoms can vary depending on the type of dementia. Dementia symptoms typically progress over time and can interfere with everyday functioning. Common warning signs may include:

• Memory loss that disrupts daily life
• Difficulty finding words or following conversations
• Confusion about time or place
• Trouble completing familiar tasks
• Changes in mood, personality, or judgment
• Difficulty planning or solving problems
• Withdrawing from social activities or work responsibilities

What is the difference between dementia and Alzheimer’s disease?

Dementia is a general term for symptoms that affect memory, thinking, and decision making. Alzheimer’s disease is a specific brain disease and the most common cause of dementia.

According to the National Institute on Aging, Alzheimer’s disease causes changes in the brain that gradually worsen over time. Other forms of dementia may include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia.

What causes early onset dementia?

There is not always a single cause of dementia. According to the Mayo Clinic, several factors may contribute to cognitive decline, including:

• Genetics and family history
• Cardiovascular disease
• Diabetes or high blood pressure
• Smoking and heavy alcohol use
• Brain injuries
• Neurological diseases

Some younger adults diagnosed with dementia may have inherited genetic conditions, though this is relatively uncommon.

Can dementia be prevented?

There is currently no guaranteed way to prevent dementia, but research suggests that healthy lifestyle habits may help reduce risk.

According to the National Institute on Aging, healthy habits for brain health may include staying physically active, getting enough sleep, quitting smoking and limiting use of alcohol, and managing any chronic health problems.

When should you see a doctor about memory loss?

Occasional forgetfulness is common, but persistent memory problems or noticeable changes in behavior should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

You should consider talking to a doctor if memory issues begin affecting work, finances, communication, driving, or daily responsibilities. Early evaluation may help identify treatable conditions, rule out other causes, and connect individuals with support resources sooner.

According to the Mayo Clinic, some causes of memory loss may be reversible, including medication side effects, vitamin deficiencies, depression, or sleep disorders.

What Capital Blue Cross can do for you

Capital Blue Cross offers resources that can help members better understand their health and connect with care options.

• Learn more about preventive care and wellness through Capital Blue Cross member resources.
• Explore behavioral health and care management support available through your health plan.
• Use Capital Blue Cross to help find doctors, specialists, and covered services.
• Visit Capital Journal for additional health education articles and wellness guidance.

FAQ

What is early onset dementia?

Early onset dementia refers to dementia diagnosed before age 65. It can affect memory, thinking, communication, and daily functioning.

What are the first signs of dementia?

Early signs may include memory loss, confusion, trouble completing familiar tasks, and changes in mood or personality.

What is the difference between dementia and Alzheimer’s disease?

Dementia is a broad term describing symptoms that affect memory and thinking. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia.

Can dementia be prevented?

There is no guaranteed way to prevent dementia, but healthy lifestyle habits such as exercise, sleep, and managing heart health may help reduce risk.